Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kupanga Polypropylene pa Thermoforming mu Malo Opakira

1. Mfundo zazikulu ndi makhalidwe a thermoforming

Kukonza thermoforming ndi njira yapadera yopangira pulasitiki yopangira mapepala a thermoplastic kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pepala la thermoplastic limatenthedwa kuti lifewetse kenako n’kukakamizidwa (vacuum kapena positive pressure) kuti pepala la thermoplastic ligwire ntchito pamwamba pa nkhungu kuti likhale ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a pamwamba pa nkhungu, ndipo pambuyo poziziritsa ndi kupanga, chinthucho chimadulidwa kuti chipeze mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Kukonza thermoforming ndi kofulumira komanso kofanana, ndi nthawi yochepa yopangira ulusi komanso mtengo wotsika wa nkhungu, koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zokha komanso nthawi yayitali yopangira, ndipo kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yopangira ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri pakati pa njira zopangira pulasitiki. Makamaka ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa njira zopangira thermoforming ndi zida komanso kulowererapo kwa kompyuta, kupanga thermoforming kwakhala njira yayikulu yopangira yomwe ikupikisana ndi jakisoni ndi kupanga blow. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupita patsogolo kwatsopano kwapangidwa mu zida zopangira thermoforming. Jimin wayambitsa zida zopangira thermoforming ndi njira zomwe zawonetsedwa ku K2013 ku Germany, komwe liwiro, kusinthasintha, ukadaulo wowongolera komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zakhala mitu yofunika kwambiri ya zida zatsopano zopangira thermoforming mu phukusi ndi mafakitale.

Mitundu ikuluikulu ya thermoforming ndi: vacuum forming, pressure forming, plunger-assisted forming ndi kuphatikiza kwake. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thermoforming pamsika, monga makapu, mbale, mathireyi azakudya, zoseweretsa, zipewa ndi zipewa, zida zapakhomo komanso zida zamagalimoto, zida zokongoletsera zomangamanga, zida zamakemikolo, ndi zina zotero. Poyerekeza ndi jekeseni, thermoforming ili ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndalama zochepa pazida komanso kuthekera kopanga zinthu zokhala ndi malo akuluakulu. Mapulasitiki akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thermoforming ndi polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyolefins monga PE, PP, polyacrylates (PMMA) ndi cellulose monga nitrocellulose (NC), cellulose acetate (CA), ndi zina zotero. Mapulasitiki opanga uinjiniya mongaacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Styrene pulasitiki (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), ndi zina zotero. Kupanga kwa PP yogwira ntchito bwino monga kuwonekera bwino, kusungunuka kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa warpage kwalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndikukula kwa PP m'munda wa thermoforming.

2. Mkhalidwe wa Msika Wopaka Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito Thermoforming M'dziko

Pali makampani opitilira 3,000 opaka zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha m'nyumba, omwe oposa 300 amapanga matani opitilira 1,000 pachaka. Pafupifupi 70% ya mafakitale omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopanga matani masauzande pachaka ndi mapepala odzipangira okha komanso ophatikiza zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha. PS (OPS) ndi polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ndi mapepala akuluakulu opangidwa kunja, pomwe mafakitale ena odziwa bwino ntchito amapanga mapepala awo a PP, PS ndi PVC ndipo mafakitale ang'onoang'ono amapereka mapepala awo kunja. Zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popaka chakudya, mapepala osakhala chakudya komanso mapepala odulidwa, ndipo zofunikira pa zipangizo zopangira zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

3. Kupanga kwa PP kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha

Ntchito zopanga thermoforming za PP m'nyumba zinayamba m'ma 1990 ndipo zakhala zikukula mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kukula kwa pachaka kwa pafupifupi 10%. Tsopano pali opanga ambiri akuluakulu komanso otchuka opanga mapulasitiki opangira thermoforming ku China, monga Japan Central Chemical, omwe amanga mafakitale ku China ndikuyikamo, ndipo zinthu zawo zimayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zopangira thermoforming zapulasitiki zapakatikati komanso zapamwamba. Pakadali pano, pali kusowa kwa zipangizo zapadera za PP makamaka zogwiritsira ntchito thermoforming ku China. Opanga zinthu zopangira thermoforming za m'nyumba nthawi zambiri amagula T30S ndi utomoni wina wogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba wosinthidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito, koma zinthu zomwe zimapezeka kudzera mu kupanga zinthu pambuyo pa kusintha ndi mafakitale, pali zowongolera zowonjezera zosafanana, katundu womangika sukukwaniritsa zofunikira, makulidwe osafanana a khoma la chidebe mu thermoforming, extrusion coating calendering edge curling ndi mavuto ena, n'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba za zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso N'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba, komanso zimalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito amakampani opangira zinthu.

Zipangizo zapadera zopangira thermoforming zakunja nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma homopolymer, ma copolymer owoneka bwino ndi ochepa, ndipo ma grade ena amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yolowera kunja, kotero opanga thermoforming akunyumba nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotumizidwa kunja. Kupanga mapepala omwe alipo opanga zinthu zopangira thermoforming kuli ndi pepala lalikulu la 600 mm, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa makina opangira, m'lifupi mwa pepalalo kukuwonjezeka, lalikulu kwambiri likhoza kukhala loposa 1000 mm, kotero mphamvu yoletsa kusungunuka kwa pepalalo imapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira zapamwamba. Yankho mumakampani opanga zinthu zotsika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa polyethylene yapamwamba (PE-HD) ku PP wamba kuti pakhale kukana kusungunuka kwa pepalalo, koma njira iyi ibweretsa kusakanikirana kosagwirizana komanso kuwonekera pang'ono kwa zinthu. Makampani opanga thermoforming akunyumba akufunikira kwambiri zinthu zopangira PP zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuwonekera bwino kwambiri.
Chisanafike chaka cha 2012, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zowunikira kwambiri za thermoforming ku China zinali zitatsala pang'ono kutha. Panthawiyo, momwe zinthu zapakhomo zimagwirira ntchito pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zapadera za thermoforming zalembedwa mu Table 2.

Palibe chilichonse mwa zinthu zapaderazi chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu yosungunuka komanso kugawa kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa mamolekyu komwe kumafunikira pokonza thermoforming, ndipo zina sizinapangidwe pamlingo waukulu.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Tianjin Petrochemical yapitiliza kupanga zipangizo zapadera pakupanga kutentha kwa PP, ndipo yapeza phindu lalikulu pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe zawonjezera mtundu ku gawo lapadera la kupanga kutentha.

Gome 4 likuwonetsa zipangizo zapadera za PP zopangira thermoforming zomwe zapangidwa ndi mafakitale angapo a petrochemical m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zapangidwa ndi Shanghai Ru Xia New Material ndi chomera chilichonse cha petrochemical kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana a thermoforming. Opanga zinthu zopangira thermoforming omwe ali pansi pa nthaka ali ofala kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa makampani kuli kochepa, pali mabizinesi ochepa kuposa muyeso, ndipo kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa nthaka kumasiyanasiyana, ndipo mafakitale a petrochemical ali ndi mapulani awoawo okonzekera kupanga, kotero pali zovuta zina zogwirizana bwino ndi zapamwamba ndi zotsika, koma njira yopangira mafakitale opangira thermoforming ndikupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili pansi pa nthaka kumbali imodzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera popanga mbali inayo, kuti akonze bwino mtundu wa zinthu ndikukweza kukhazikika kwa mtundu wa zinthu. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera zopangira thermoforming kukulonjezabe.